• Methods Mol. Biol. · Jan 2015

    Real-time imaging of retinal cell apoptosis by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

    • Eduardo M Normando, Mohammad H Dehabadi, Li Guo, Lisa A Turner, Gaia Pollorsi, and M Francesca Cordeiro.
    • Glaucoma & Retinal Degeneration Research Group, Visual Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
    • Methods Mol. Biol. 2015 Jan 1; 1254: 227-37.

    AbstractRetinal cell apoptosis occurs in many eye conditions, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Real-time detection of retinal cell apoptosis has potential clinical value in early disease detection, as well as evaluating disease progression and treatment efficacy. Here, we describe our novel imaging technology DARC (Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells), which can be used to visualize single retinal neurons undergoing apoptosis in real time, by using fluorescently labeled Annexin A5 and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO ). Clinical trials of DARC in glaucoma patients are due to start shortly, but in this chapter, we describe this technique in experimental animal models.

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