• Daniela Kaspar, Winfried Schwarz, Lutz Claes, and Anita Ignatius.
• Institut für Unfallchirurgische Forschung und Biomechanik, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany. daniela.kaspar@medizin.uni-ulm.de
• Arzneimittel Forsch. 2006 Jan 1; 56 (8): 605-11.

AbstractPovidone-iodine (polyvinyl-pyrrolidone-iodine complex, PVP-iodine, CAS 25655-41-8) is a commonly used antiseptic because of its broad spectrum of antimicrobial effect and its comparatively low allergic risk. It is also used for open joint lavage. Animal and organ culture studies provide controversial results about the risk of cartilage damage due to povidone-iodine. There is a paucity of in vitro study data concerning the effect of povidone-iodine on chondrocyte cultures are still missing. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of different concentrations and exposition times of povidone-iodine on cell growth and differentiation of human chondrocytes. Using of a vitality test (MTT) and a proliferation assay (BrdU) in the fibroblast-like cell line BALB3T3, suitable concentrations and incubation times were identified to investigate the influence of povidone-iodine on proteoglycan synthesis and DNA synthesis of primary human chondrocytes. Concentrations of up to 1% povidone-iodine had no significant effect on proteoglycan and DNA synthesis of chondrocytes after incubation for 30 min. An incubation time of 24 h did not inhibit DNA- and proteoglycan synthesis, until a concentration of 0.2% povidone-iodine was used. DNA synthesis rate was impaired after 10 min incubation with 0.2% and fully inhibited with 1% povidone iodine. BALB3T3 reacted more sensitively than chondrocytes. Vitality and proliferation rate were fully inhibited at a concentration of 0.5% after the same exposition time. However, cells recovered 24 h after 30 min incubation with 0.5% povidone-iodine. After incubation with 5% povidone iodine cells did not recover. From the results it can be concluded that low concentrations of povidone-iodine (< 1%) and short incubation times (< 30 min) have no damaging influence on chondrocytes. Previous studies have reported the antimicrobial effectiveness of low concentrations of povidone-iodine on the reduction of tissue damage by microorganisms. Data from previus studies and the current findings from this investigation support the clinical use of povidone-iodine at low concentrations and short incubation times for antiseptic treatment of cartilage tissues.

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