• Yu-ping Li, Cheng-shui Chen, Min Ye, Jun-ru Ye, Ying Zhou, and Xiu-ling Wu.
• Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China.
• Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2009 Jun 1; 32 (6): 439-43.

ObjectiveTo explore the bronchoscopic and CT findings of invasive tracheobronchial and pulmonary aspergillosis in patients without immunodeficiency.MethodsClinical data and bronchoscopic and CT findings of 6 patients with tracheobronchial and pulmonary aspergillosis were reviewed from January 2004 to August 2008.ResultsAll the patients had no immunodeficiency diseases. The bronchoscopic findings mostly presented in 2 forms: single endobronchial nodule and ulcerative or pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis. The lesions were diffusely distributed or localized. Chest CT showed tracheal or bronchial wall thickening in the early stage, and with disease progression, local consolidation or multiple nodules and cavitation became the most common findings. The nodules and cavities were predominantly peribronchial. A solitary nodule was found in 2 patients. All the cases had been misdiagnosed as other diseases, and repeated courses of antibiotics or corticosteroids had been tried.ConclusionsUlcerative or pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis and single nodule are the most common bronchoscopic findings of invasive tracheobronchial aspergillosis. Local consolidation, multiple nodules and cavitation with predominantly peribronchial distribution are the most common CT findings.

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