-
- Gary McCleane and Howard S Smith.
- Rampark Pain Centre, 2 Rampark Dromore Road, Lurgaqn BT66 7JH, Northern Ireland, UK. gary@mccleane.freeserve.co.uk
- Med. Clin. North Am. 2007 Mar 1; 91 (2): 177-97.
AbstractOpioids are extensively used in the management of all types of pain and their use is underpinned by extensive trial evidence and an abundance of practical experience. We are still amassing insight into how they achieve their pain-relieving effects, however, and this understanding becomes more complex as time progresses and shows that opioids are medications with complex and diverse central and peripheral nervous system effects. Despite the 200 years that have passed since the chemical isolation of morphine, every year brings new understanding of the mode of action, propensity to cause side effects, and appropriate clinical use of opioids. This article concentrates on this "new" evidence as disclosed by recent publications.
Notes
Knowledge, pearl, summary or comment to share?You can also include formatting, links, images and footnotes in your notes
- Simple formatting can be added to notes, such as
*italics*,_underline_or**bold**. - Superscript can be denoted by
<sup>text</sup>and subscript<sub>text</sub>. - Numbered or bulleted lists can be created using either numbered lines
1. 2. 3., hyphens-or asterisks*. - Links can be included with:
[my link to pubmed](http://pubmed.com) - Images can be included with:
 - For footnotes use
[^1](This is a footnote.)inline. - Or use an inline reference
[^1]to refer to a longer footnote elseweher in the document[^1]: This is a long footnote..