• S Lendemans, E Kreuzfelder, C Waydhas, F U Schade, and S Flohé.
• Department of Trauma Surgery and section of Trauma-Surgery research, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
• Inflamm. Res. 2007 Jan 1; 56 (1): 38-44.

ObjectiveSevere trauma leads to an increased vulnerability to bacterial sepsis. In the present study, we compared the immunostimulating potential of granulocyte-colony stimulating-factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).DesignProspective clinical experimental study.SettingUniversity hospital intensive care unit and research facility.Patients6 patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of more than 25 points.InterventionsHeparinized blood samples of severely injured patients and 12 healthy volunteers were incubated in vitro with 10 ng/ml GM-CSF, 10 ng/ml G-CSF or 10 ng/ml IFN-gamma for 6 h.MeasurementsFlow cytometry: HLA-DR expression on monocytes, B- and T-lymphocytes. ELISA: LPS-induced TNFalpha and IL-10 production.ResultsIn all patients reduced cytokine production and HLA-DR expression on monocytes was established. After administration of GM-CSF and IFN-gamma it in vitro, the level of HLA-DR expression on monocytes and the it ex vivo TNFalpha-synthesis increased while only GM-CSF increased significantly IL-10-liberation after LPS-stimulation. However, only IFN-gamma had the capacity to enhance HLA-DR on B- and T-lymphocytes. G-CSF it in vitro had no significant effect on the measured parameter.ConclusionsThese data suggest that GM-CSF and IFN-gamma may serve to support immune functions in severely injured patients.

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