• G Rønning, G Sager, and A Revhaug.
• Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Tromsø, Norway.
• Eur J Surg. 1995 Oct 1; 161 (10): 715-20.

ObjectiveTo measure the plasma catecholamine concentrations during an episode of haemorrhagic shock treated by intraosseous infusion of a small volume of hyperosmotic fluid in a standardised porcine model.DesignRandomised open study.SettingUniversity hospital, Norway.Material14 piglets.InterventionTwo groups of piglets (n=7 each) were anaesthetised with ketamine and bled to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg. After 30 minutes the animals were randomised to receive 100 ml of either hyperosmotic (2.4 mo/l) or iso-osmotic (0.29 mo/l) fluid (equal volumes of glucose and sodium chloride) into the tibial bone marrow.Main Outcome MeasuresShort term (70 minutes) observation of changes in haemodynamic, biochemical and hormonal variables.ResultsThe hyperosmotic infusion significantly improved the circulation (mean arterial pressure and cardiac index) compared with the iso-osmotic infusion (p < 0.05). The increased plasma catecholamine concentrations returned to the reference ranges 20 minutes after the hyperosmotic infusion, and were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the catecholamine concentrations observed in the iso-osmotic treatment group.ConclusionIntraosseous hyperosmotic resuscitation increases the circulatory performance and reduces the plasma catecholamine concentrations during haemorrhagic shock in pigs.

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