• J W Nieves, E Barrett-Connor, E S Siris, M Zion, S Barlas, and Y T Chen.
• Clinical Research Center, Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, NY 10993, USA. Nievesj@helenhayeshosp.org
• Osteoporos Int. 2008 May 1; 19 (5): 673-9.

UnlabelledThe impact of calcium and vitamin D intake on bone density and one-year fracture risk was assessed in 76,507 postmenopausal Caucasian women. Adequate calcium with or without vitamin D significantly reduced the odds of osteoporosis but not the risk of fracture in these Caucasian women.IntroductionCalcium and vitamin D intake may be important for bone health; however, studies have produced mixed results.MethodsThe impact of calcium and vitamin D intake on bone mineral density (BMD) and one-year fracture incidence was assessed in 76,507 postmenopausal Caucasian women who completed a dietary questionnaire that included childhood, adult, and current consumption of dairy products. Current vitamin D intake was calculated from milk, fish, supplements and sunlight exposure. BMD was measured at the forearm, finger or heel. Approximately 3 years later, 36,209 participants returned a questionnaire about new fractures. The impact of calcium and vitamin D on risk of osteoporosis and fracture was evaluated by logistic regression adjusted for multiple covariates.ResultsHigher lifetime calcium intake was associated with reduced odds of osteoporosis (peripheral BMD T-score < or =-2.5; OR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.72, 0.88), as was a higher current calcium (OR = 0.75; (0.68, 0.82)) or vitamin D intake (OR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.0.66, 0.81). Women reported 2,205 new osteoporosis-related fractures. The 3-year risk of any fracture combined or separately was not associated with intake of calcium or vitamin D.ConclusionsThus, higher calcium and vitamin D intakes significantly reduced the odds of osteoporosis but not the 3-year risk of fracture in these Caucasian women.

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