• KoorevaarRinco C TRCTDepartment of Orthopedics, Deventer Hospital, N. Bolkesteinlaan 75, 7416 SE, Deventer, The Netherlands. c.t.koorevaar@dz.nl., Esther Van't Riet, Marcel Ipskamp, and Sjoerd K Bulstra.
• Department of Orthopedics, Deventer Hospital, N. Bolkesteinlaan 75, 7416 SE, Deventer, The Netherlands. c.t.koorevaar@dz.nl.
• Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2017 Mar 1; 137 (3): 293-301.

PurposeFrozen shoulder is a potential complication after shoulder surgery. It is a clinical condition that is often associated with marked disability and can have a profound effect on the patient's quality of life. The incidence, etiology, pathology and prognostic factors of postoperative frozen shoulder after shoulder surgery are not known. The purpose of this explorative study was to determine the incidence of postoperative frozen shoulder after various operative shoulder procedures. A second aim was to identify prognostic factors for postoperative frozen shoulder after shoulder surgery.Methods505 consecutive patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery were included in this prospective cohort study. Follow-up was 6 months after surgery. A prediction model was developed to identify prognostic factors for postoperative frozen shoulder after shoulder surgery using the TRIPOD guidelines. We nominated five potential predictors: gender, diabetes mellitus, type of physiotherapy, arthroscopic surgery and DASH score.ResultsFrozen shoulder was identified in 11% of the patients after shoulder surgery and was more common in females (15%) than in males (8%). Frozen shoulder was encountered after all types of operative procedures. A prediction model based on four variables (diabetes mellitus, specialized shoulder physiotherapy, arthroscopic surgery and DASH score) discriminated reasonably well with an AUC of 0.712.ConclusionsPostoperative frozen shoulder is a serious complication after shoulder surgery, with an incidence of 11%. Four prognostic factors were identified for postoperative frozen shoulder: diabetes mellitus, arthroscopic surgery, specialized shoulder physiotherapy and DASH score. The combination of these four variables provided a prediction rule for postoperative frozen shoulder with reasonable fit.Level Of EvidenceLevel II, prospective cohort study.

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