• Charmaine S Tam, Leanne M Redman, Frank Greenway, Karl A LeBlanc, Mark G Haussmann, and Eric Ravussin.
• Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences (C.S.T.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (C.S.T., L.M.R., F.G., E.R.), Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; and Our Lady of the Lake Physician Group (K.A.L., M.G.H.), Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808.
• J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2016 Oct 1; 101 (10): 3755-3764.

ContextIt is not known whether the magnitude of metabolic adaptation, a greater than expected drop in energy expenditure, depends on the type of bariatric surgery and is associated with cardiometabolic improvements.ObjectiveTo compare changes in energy expenditure (metabolic chamber) and circulating cardiometabolic markers 8 weeks and 1 year after Roux-en-y bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB), or a low-calorie diet (LCD). Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention: This was a parallel-arm, prospective observational study of 30 individuals (27 females; mean age, 46 ± 2 years; body mass index, 47.2 ± 1.5 kg/m(2)) either self-selecting bariatric surgery (five RYGB, nine SG, seven LAGB) or on a LCD (n = 9) intervention (800 kcal/d for 8 weeks, followed by weight maintenance).ResultsAfter 1 year, the RYGB and SG groups had similar degrees of body weight loss (33-36%), whereas the LAGB and LCD groups had 16 and 4% weight loss, respectively. After adjusting for changes in body composition, 24-hour energy expenditure was significantly decreased in all treatment groups at 8 weeks (-254 to -82 kcal/d), a drop that only persisted in RYGB (-124 ± 42 kcal/d; P = .002) and SG (-155 ± 118 kcal/d; P = .02) groups at 1 year. The degree of metabolic adaptation (24-hour and sleeping energy expenditure) was not significantly different between the treatment groups at either time-point. Plasma high-density lipoprotein and total and high molecular weight adiponectin were increased, and triglycerides and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were reduced 1 year after RYGB or SG.ConclusionsMetabolic adaptation of approximately 150 kcal/d occurs after RYGB and SG surgery. Future studies are required to examine whether these effects remain beyond 1 year.

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