• Heidi M Meyer, Jenny Thomas, Graeme S Wilson, and Marianna de Kock.
• Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
• Paediatr Anaesth. 2017 Oct 1; 27 (10): 1021-1027.

AimThis study aimed to quantify the incidence of anesthesia-related and perioperative mortality at a large tertiary pediatric hospital in South Africa.MethodsThis study included all children aged <18 years who died prior to discharge from hospital and within 30 days of their last anesthetic at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital between January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. A panel of three senior anesthetists reviewed each death to reach a consensus as to whether: (i) anesthesia caused the death; (ii) anesthesia may have contributed to or influenced the timing of death; or (iii) anesthesia was entirely unrelated to the death.ResultsThere were 47 deaths within 30 days of anesthesia prior to discharge from hospital during this 12-month period. The in-hospital mortality within 24 h of administration of anesthesia was 16.5 per 10 000 cases (95% confidence intervals [CI]=7.8-25.1) and within 30 days of administration of anesthesia was 55.3 per 10 000 cases (95% CI=39.5-71.2). Age under 1 year (OR 4.5; 95% CI=2.5-8.0, P=.012) and cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology procedures (OR 2.5; 95% CI=1.2-5.2, P<.01) were both independent predictors of increased risk of perioperative mortality.ConclusionThe overall 24-h and 30-day anesthesia-related and in-hospital perioperative mortality rates in our study are comparable with other similar studies from tertiary pediatric centers.© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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