• Ahmed M Osman, Johanna Rodhe, Xianli Shen, Cecilia A Dominguez, Bertrand Joseph, and Klas Blomgren.
• Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• Neuroscience. 2019 May 1; 405: 92-102.

AbstractBrain injury is associated with neuroinflammation, and microglia are key players in this process. Microglia can acquire pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties, but how this affects neural stem cells (NSCs) remains controversial. Here, NSCs were grown in conditioned media collected from either non-stimulated microglia, or microglia stimulated with pro- or anti-inflammatory agents. NSC survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation were investigated thereafter. We found that NSCs kept in conditioned medium from the anti-inflammatory microglial subtype had better survival, increased migration, and lower astrocytic differentiation compared to NSCs grown in conditioned medium collected from the pro-inflammatory subtype. Finally, we found that NSCs differentiated in microglial conditioned media generated cells expressing the pro-inflammatory chemokine CCL2, most pronounced when differentiated in medium from the pro-inflammatory microglia subtype. Our results show that microglial subtypes regulate NSCs differently and induce generation of cells with inflammatory properties.Copyright © 2017 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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