• Maria Loreto Alvarez-Nebreda, Nathalie Bentov, Richard D Urman, Sabeena Setia, Joe Chin-Sun Huang, Kurt Pfeifer, Katherine Bennett, Thuan D Ong, Deborah Richman, Divya Gollapudi, Alec RookeGGDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States., and Houman Javedan.
• Harvard Medical School Orthopedic Trauma Initiative, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
• J Clin Anesth. 2018 Jun 1; 47: 33-42.

AbstractFrailty is an age-related, multi-dimensional state of decreased physiologic reserve that results in diminished resiliency and increased vulnerability to stressors. It has proven to be an excellent predictor of unfavorable health outcomes in the older surgical population. There is agreement in recommending that a frailty evaluation should be part of the preoperative assessment in the elderly. However, the consensus is still building with regards to how it should affect perioperative care. The Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) convened experts in the fields of gerontology, anesthesiology and preoperative assessment to outline practical steps for clinicians to assess and address frailty in elderly patients who require elective intermediate or high risk surgery. These recommendations summarize evidence-based principles of measuring and screening for frailty, as well as basic interventions that can help improve patient outcomes.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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