• Tatsuya Sato, Ikuho Yonezawa, Shingo Onda, Kei Yoshikawa, Hiromitsu Takano, Yukitoshi Shimamura, Takatoshi Okuda, and Kazuo Kaneko.
• Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Sep 1; 96 (36): e7895e7895.

RationaleA hyperlordosis deformity of the lumbar spine is relatively rare, and surgical treatment has not been comprehensively addressed. In this case report, we describe the clinical presentation, surgical treatment, and medium-term follow-up of a patient presenting with a progressive lumbar hyperlordosis deformity after resection of a spinal lipoma associated with spina bifida.Patient ConcernsThe patient was a 20-year-old woman presenting with a progressive hyperlordosis deformity of the lumbar spine associated with significant back pain (visual analog pain score of 89/100 mm), but with no neurological symptoms.DiagnosesThe lumbar lordosis (LL), measured on standing lateral view radiographs, was 114°, with a sagittal vertical axis (SVA) of -100 mm. The patient had undergone excision of a lipoma, associated with spina bifida of the lumbar spine, at 7 months of age.She was first evaluated at our hospital at 18 years of age for progressive spinal deformity and lumbago.InterventionsAn in situ fusion, from T5 to S1, using pedicle screws with bone graft obtained from the iliac crest, was performed.OutcomesPostoperatively, the LL decreased to 93°, and the SVA decreased to -50 mm. The decision to not correct the hyperlordosis deformity fully was intentional. Seven years and 1 month postsurgery, the patient had no limitations in standing and walking and reported a pain score of 8/100 mm; there was no evidence of a loss of correction.LessonsLumbar hyperlordosis after resection of a spinal lipoma associated with spina bifida is rare. Posterior fixation provided an effective treatment in this case. As the lumbar hyperlordosis deformity is often high, correction can be difficult. In this case, although the correction and fusion were performed in situ, there was no progression of either the deformity or the lumbago. Early detection remains an essential component of effective treatment, allowing correction when the spinal deformity is easily reversible.

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