• Andrews P J D PJD Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Electronic address: P.Andrews@ed.ac.uk., V Verma, M Healy, A Lavinio, C Curtis, U Reddy, J Andrzejowski, A Foulkes, and S Canestrini.
• Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Electronic address: P.Andrews@ed.ac.uk.
• Br J Anaesth. 2018 Oct 1; 121 (4): 768-775.

BackgroundA modified Delphi approach was used to identify a consensus on practical recommendations for the use of non-pharmacological targeted temperature management in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, or acute ischaemic stroke with non-infectious fever (assumed neurogenic fever).MethodsNine experts in the management of neurogenic fever participated in the process, involving the completion of online questionnaires, face-to-face discussions, and summary reviews, to consolidate a consensus on targeted temperature management.ResultsThe panel's recommendations are based on a balance of existing evidence and practical considerations. With this in mind, they highlight the importance of managing neurogenic fever using a single protocol for targeted temperature management. Targeted temperature management should be initiated if the patient temperature increases above 37.5°C, once an appropriate workup for infection has been undertaken. This helps prevent prophylactic targeted temperature management use and ensures infection is addressed appropriately. When neurogenic fever is detected, targeted temperature management should be initiated rapidly if antipyretic agents fail to control the temperature within 1 h, and should then be maintained for as long as there is potential for secondary brain damage. The recommended target temperature for targeted temperature management is 36.5-37.5°C. The use of advanced targeted temperature management methods that enable continuous, or near continuous, temperature measurement and precise temperature control is recommended.ConclusionsGiven the limited heterogeneous evidence currently available on targeted temperature management use in patients with neurogenic fever and intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, or acute ischaemic stroke, a Delphi approach was appropriate to gather an expert consensus. To aid in the development of future investigations, the panel provides recommendations for data gathering.Copyright © 2018 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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