• M J Mulder, L van Maanen, and B U Forstmann.
• Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Psychological Research & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
• Neuroscience. 2014 Sep 26;277:872-84.

AbstractIn this review we summarize findings published over the past 10 years focusing on the neural correlates of perceptual decision-making. Importantly, this review highlights only studies that employ a model-based approach, i.e., they use quantitative cognitive models in combination with neuroscientific data. The model-based approach allows capturing latent decision-making processes such as strategic adjustments of response thresholds and relate these to interindividual differences or single-trial blood-oxygenated level dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) responses. The review shows that different cortico-subcortical networks are responsive to different latent decision-making processes. More concretely, we show that evidence accumulation is associated with a fronto-parietal network which is partly overlapping with choice bias in perceptual decision making. The setting of decision thresholds is associated with fronto-basal ganglia networks which are also found for choice bias. In sum, we argue that the model-based approach holds great promises to understand the neural correlates of latent cognitive processes.Copyright © 2014 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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