• Cristina Sanfilippo, Paola Castrogiovanni, Rosa Imbesi, Daniele Tibullo, Giovanni Li Volti, Ignazio Barbagallo, Nunzio Vicario, Giuseppe Musumeci, and Michelino Di Rosa.
• IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Strada Statale 113, C.da Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy.
• Neuroscience. 2019 May 15; 406: 333-344.

AbstractExploring sexual dimorphisms in the brain morphology is important for their impact and therapeutic implications for several neurological diseases. The hypothesis that sex could influence the transcriptome of brain cells could be the basis regarding the different response to cognitive decline identified in men and women. In this paper, we analyzed several prefrontal cortices (PFC) microarrays datasets of young/middle-aged healthy subjects and then Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, according to the sex. The significant transcriptomes were overlapped with the main genes characterizing cells of the central nervous system (CNS) in order to determine the respective weighted percentages of significantly expression gene modulation (WPSEG). We identified differences in brain transcriptional activity between young and middle-aged. In middle-aged women, the WPSEG were higher for the Astrocytes, the Endotheliocytes, and the Microglia. In addition, the sex-matched analysis of transcriptome identified a convergent molecular signature in men and women AD patients. Furthermore, the WPSEG belonging to CNS cells in PFC of healthy middle-aged subjects was correlated to AD profiles according to the sex. Since our results, it is possible to conclude that during the aging the PFC' cells adopt transcriptional strategies sex-dependent that could potentially control the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Copyright © 2019 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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