• Sanae Hosomi, Yoshihisa Koyama, Tadashi Watabe, Mitsuo Ohnishi, Hiroshi Ogura, Toshihide Yamashita, and Takeshi Shimazu.
• Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: s-hosomi@hp-emerg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
• Neuroscience. 2019 May 15; 406: 457-466.

AbstractMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have strong immunosuppressive characteristics, which allow them to limit inflammation and facilitate wound healing and recovery. Although MDSCs are a newly-determined cell type that is gaining attention in the immunology field, their neuroimmunological characteristics remain unstudied. In this study, we explored the suppressive role of MDSCs in cerebral inflammatory reactions after focal traumatic brain injury (TBI) using in vivo imaging. Through morphological, functional, and phenotypic analyses we determined that CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells infiltrating the contusion area are MDSCs. MDSCs are among the first responders to tissue injury, responding even prior to microglial activation. Positron emission tomography imaging of translocator protein results suggest that infiltrating MDSCs suppress neuronal inflammation and interact with resident immune cells, like microglia, following focal TBI.Copyright © 2019 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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