• M A Sticht, C L Limebeer, B R Rafla, and L A Parker.
• Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
• Neuroscience. 2015 Feb 12;286:338-44.

AbstractThe visceral insular cortex (VIC) has previously been shown to play a critical role during acute nausea-induced conditioned gaping in rats. Specifically, localized administration of the conventional anti-emetic, ondansetron or the synthetic cannabinoid, HU210, interferes with the establishment of conditioned gaping, likely by reducing the effects of an illness-inducing treatment. However the precise role of the VIC in endocannabinoid-suppression of nausea remains unknown; thus we investigated the potential of localized intra-VIC endocannabinoid administration to interfere with acute nausea-induced conditioned gaping behavior in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals received an intraoral infusion of saccharin (0.1%) followed by intra-VIC exogenous N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA; 0.4, 4 μg) or 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG; 0.5, 1 μg), and were subsequently injected with nausea-inducing LiCl (0.15M) 15 min later. Bilateral intra-VIC infusions of 2-AG (1 μg, but not 0.5 μg) dose-dependently suppressed conditioned gaping, whereas exogenous AEA was without effect. Interestingly, 2-AG reduced conditioned gaping despite additional pretreatment with the selective cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonist, AM-251; however, concomitant pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (0.5 μg), blocked the suppressive effects of intra-VIC 2-AG. These findings suggest that the modulatory role of the endocannabinoid system during nausea is driven largely by the endocannabinoid, 2-AG, and that its anti-nausea effects may be partly independent of CB1-receptor signaling through metabolic products of the endocannabinoid system.Copyright © 2014 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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