• Nutrition · Jul 2019

    Dietary patterns and their relationships to sarcopenia in Portuguese patients with gastrointestinal cancer: An exploratory study.

    • Sónia Velho, Sara Moço, Andreia Ferreira, Rita Cruz, Lisa Agostinho, M Salomé Cabral, Gonçalo Luz, Fábio Lopes, José Alberto Teixeira, João Strecht, José L Passos Coelho, Rui Maio, Marilia Cravo, and Vickie E Baracos.
    • Dietetics and Nutrition, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal. Electronic address: soniavelho0@gmail.com.
    • Nutrition. 2019 Jul 1; 63-64: 193-199.

    ObjectivesThe purpose of this exploratory study was to identify the main dietary patterns of a Portuguese population of patients with gastrointestinal cancer and to analyze their association with sarcopenia.MethodsThis was a prospective study with a consecutive sample of 100 patients with gastrointestinal cancer enrolled at diagnosis. Dietary intake was assessed with a semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and dietary patterns were obtained with principal component analysis. Nutritional assessment was done using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, and body composition was evaluated with anthropometric measures and computed tomography image processing obtained at the third lumbar vertebrae. Sex and body mass index specific cutoffs were used to define sarcopenia.ResultsFour major patterns were identified: high-fat dairy products, fried snacks, and processed meat diet; legumes, vegetables, and fruit diet; fat and fish diet; and alcohol, cereal, and animal protein diet. On simple logistic regression, the occurrence of sarcopenia in participants in the second tertile (odds ratio [OR] 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10-0.83; P = 0.02) and third tertile (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.08-0.69; P = 0.01) of adherence to the high-fat and fish diet was reduced compared with the first tertile. On multiple logistic regression, the second tertile (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.11-1.19; P = 0.10) of the fat and fish dietary pattern maintained a trend toward a reduction of the odds of sarcopenia compared with the first tertile, independently of calorie intake, age, disease location, and stage.ConclusionsThe fat and fish dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia in this population of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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