• Pineton de Chambrun Marc M Service de médecine intensive-réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière. , Nicolas Bréchot, and Alain Combes.
• Service de médecine intensive-réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière.
• Curr Opin Crit Care. 2019 Aug 1; 25 (4): 397-402.

Purpose Of ReviewTemporary circulatory support (TCS) with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly used as a salvage therapy for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. This article provides an overview of VA-ECMO principles, indications, management, complications, and discusses the results of recent case series and trials.Recent FindingsVA-ECMO is utilized as a bridge to 'decision' that includes weaning after cardiac function recovery, transplantation, long-term mechanical circulatory support, and withdrawal in case of futility. VA-ECMO is considered the first-line TCS as it allows rapid improvement in oxygenation, is less expensive, and is also suitable for patients with biventricular failure. Combining Impella (Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) or intra-aortic balloon pump support with VA-ECMO might decrease left ventricular pressure and improve outcomes. Massive pulmonary embolism, sepsis-associated cardiomyopathy, and refractory cardiac arrest are among emerging indications for TCS.SummaryTCS have become the cornerstone of the management of patients with cardiogenic shock, although the evidence supporting their efficacy is limited. VA-ECMO is considered the first-line option, with a growing number of accepted and emerging indications. Randomized clinical trials are now needed to determine the place VA-ECMO in cardiogenic shock treatment strategies.

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