• Marcela de Andrade Bernal Fagiani, Antônio Fluminhan, Fabíola de Azevedo Mello, Denise Yabuki, Gracielle Vieira Gonçalves, Leticia Kazama Tsujigushi, Liliane Girotto Pereira, Kesia Araújo da Silva, Sara Bertozo Bezerra da Silva, Cecilia Laposy Santarem, Paulo Felipe Izique Giozo, and Luis Souza Lima de Souza Reis.
• Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Electronic address: marcelafagiani16@gmail.com.
• Nutrition. 2019 Oct 1; 66: 94-100.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low doses of l-arginine supplementation on hemogram, integrity of DNA and spleen, inflammatory infiltrate in the jejunum, and in the coagulogram of rats submitted to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy.MethodsThirty-two Wistar rats were fed commercial feed and water ad libitum and grouped into four (eight rats per group): The control group was given a 0.9% physiologic solution to simulate the application of 5-FU in the other groups; the G5-FU group was given a dose of 5-FU; the GArg50 and GArg100 groups were given a dose of 5-FU and supplemented with 50 and 100 mg l-arginine/d added in the drinking water ad libitum.ResultsThe rats in the GArg50 group did not lose weight after chemotherapy. GArg50 rats presented polycythemia owing to dehydration caused by diarrhea generated by 5-FU. GArg100 rats had increased total leukocyte count, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and index in the total index of DNA damage, yet showed a reduction in prothrombin time and in the spleen depletion index. Rats in the G5-FU, GArg50, and GArg100 groups had similar moderate inflammatory infiltrate in the jejunum.ConclusionSupplementation with 100 mg/d of l-arginine minimized immunosuppression, spleen depletion, and prothrombin time and contributed to the breakdown of 5-FU-generated DNA in Wistar rats. Supplementation with 50 mg/d of l-arginine decreased the weight loss generated by 5-FU in Wistar rats. Supplements with 50 or 100 mg of l-arginine did not interfere with 5-FU-generated jejunal inflammatory infiltrate.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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