• Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2013

    Pitfalls in the staging of cervical lymph node metastasis.

    • Amit M Saindane.
    • Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. asainda@emory.edu.
    • Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.. 2013 Feb 1;23(1):147-66.

    AbstractLymph nodes status is an important predictor of prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, making accurate staging critical. The physical examination of the neck is highly inaccurate. CT, MR imaging, ultrasound (US), and positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) improve accuracy but have limitations. Size criteria, nodal shape and clustering, central necrosis, and findings of extracapsular spread and vascular encasement suggest metastatic involvement on CT and MR imaging. US features help differentiate benign from malignant nodes, aided by US-guided fine-needle aspiration for indeterminate cases. PET-CT is useful for staging the lymph nodes and detection of distant metastasis.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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