• John S Humphreys, John Wakerman, Robert Wells, Pim Kuipers, Judith A Jones, and Phil Entwistle.
• School of Rural Health, Monash University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia. john.humphreys@med.monash.edu.au
• Med. J. Aust. 2008 Apr 21; 188 (S8): S77-80.

AbstractSuccessful, "innovative" primary health care (PHC) models exist that have adapted to the specific circumstances of their rural and remote context. A typology of discrete, integrated, comprehensive and outreach rural and remote services exists rather than a "one coat fits all" PHC health service model. Successful models are characterised by macro-scale environmental enablers (supportive health policy, federal-state relations, and community readiness) and five essential service requirements (workforce organisation and supply; funding; governance, management and leadership; linkages; and infrastructure). Service sustainability depends on ensuring that key systemic service requirements are met at the local level in ways that accord with, and are supported by, the broader macro-scale environmental enablers. Based on these principles, these model types are amenable to generalisation and evaluation in other regions.

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