• Laura Ozer Kettner, Niels Bjerregaard Matthiesen, Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen, Ulrik Schiøler Kesmodel, Bjørn Bay, and Tine Brink Henriksen.
• Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit and Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: laura@kettner.nu.
• Fertil. Steril. 2016 Dec 1; 106 (7): 1751-1756.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between specific types of fertility treatment and childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus.DesignNationwide birth cohort study.SettingNot applicable.Patient(S)All pregnancies resulting in a live-born singleton child in Denmark from 1995 to 2003.Intervention(S)Not applicable.Main Outcome Measure(S)Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus identified from redeemed prescriptions for insulin until 2013.Result(S)The study included 565,116 singleton pregnancies. A total of 14,985 children were conceived by ovulation induction or intrauterine insemination, and 8,490 children were conceived by in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. During the follow-up period, 2,011 (0.4%) children developed type 1 diabetes mellitus. The primary analyses showed no association between fertility treatment and childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus. In secondary analyses, ovulation induction or intrauterine insemination with follicle-stimulating hormone was associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio 3.22; 95% confidence interval 1.20 to 8.64). No clear associations were seen with other types of fertility treatment or with specific treatment indications.Conclusion(S)No association between fertility treatment and childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus was found. Ovulation induction or intrauterine insemination with follicle-stimulating hormone may be associated with an increased risk of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, this finding may be due to chance or to confounding by indication and thus requires further investigation.Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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