• Meishan Cui, Takashi Kimura, Satoyo Ikehara, Jia-Yi Dong, Kimiko Ueda, Yoko Kawanishi, Tadashi Kimura, Hiroyasu Iso, and Japan Environment and Children's Study Group.
• Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
• J Affect Disord. 2020 Mar 1; 264: 76-81.

IntroductionPrevious studies in Western countries have examined the association between prenatal smoking and risk for Postpartum depression (PPD). However, evidence from Japan is lacking, despite the high prevalence of smoking among pregnant women. Therefore, we examined the association between prenatal smoking and PPD among pregnant Japanese women.MethodsWe analyzed data for up to 1 month after childbirth from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), a nationwide birth cohort study. Among the 103,070 pregnant women recruited, 80,872 eligible participants were included in the analysis. PPD was defined as a score of ≥9 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Prenatal smoking and length of smoking cessation among ex-smokers were obtained using self-administered questionnaires at second/third trimester.ResultsAmong 80,872 pregnant women, 9.0% reported PPD. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals) for PPD (reference: never smoked) were 1.24 (1.12-1.37) for women who quit smoking after becoming pregnant, and 1.38 (1.21-1.56) for those who smoked during pregnancy. Compared with women who had never smoked, those who quit smoking ≤5 years before childbirth had a higher occurrence of PPD, with a multivariable-adjusted OR of 1.10 (1.00-1.22).LimitationsQuestionnaire data was self-reported by participants, thus smoking status might be under-reported.ConclusionsWomen who smoked during pregnancy, quit smoking after becoming pregnant, and quit smoking ≤5 years before childbirth are more likely to experience PPD than those who had never smoked.Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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