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- Katsutaka Oishi, Hiroki Okauchi, Saori Yamamoto, and Sayaka Higo-Yamamoto.
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Electronic address: k-ooishi@aist.go.jp.
- Nutrition. 2020 Jul 1; 75-76: 110751.
ObjectivesCocoa contains many chemical compounds that affect the physiological functions of experimental animals and humans. The present study used a mouse model characterized by disrupted circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and sleep-wake cycles to determine whether natural cocoa improves chronic sleep disorders (CSDs) induced by psychophysiological stress.MethodsMice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet supplemented with 2.0% natural cocoa and stressed for 30 d to induce CSDs.ResultsDietary cocoa restored the amplitude reduction of day-night activity rhythms by improving reduced nocturnal wheel-running activities during CSDs. Electroencephalography revealed that dietary cocoa significantly ameliorated CSD-induced increases in wakefulness during the first half of the inactive phase and in nonrapid eye movement sleep during the first half of the active phase. The attenuation of circadian rapid eye movement sleep rhythms and increased electroencephalography slow-wave activity (a marker of nonrapid eye movement sleep intensity) induced by CSDs improved in mice supplemented with cocoa. Dietary cocoa notably did not affect wheel-running activity rhythms or sleep-wake cycles under normal conditions. Dietary cocoa significantly increased the hypothalamic mRNA expression of Hspa1 a that encodes HSP70 and is associated with sleep regulation. Furthermore, Hspa1 a expression was not induced by CSDs in mice supplemented with cocoa.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that dietary cocoa exerts beneficial effects on insomnia and circadian sleep disorders induced by psychophysiological stress.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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