• Etienne Lefevre, Paul Roblot, and Michel Kalamarides.
• Department of Neurosurgery, APHP, Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Paris, France. Electronic address: etienne.lefevre@neurochirurgie.fr.
• World Neurosurg. 2020 Aug 1; 140: 1-3.

BackgroundIsolated bilateral hypoglossal palsy is a rare condition that has never been described after surgery in the lower part of the fourth ventricle. In this article, we discuss various possible etiologies and relevant anatomy considerations of the rhomboid fossa.Case DescriptionWe describe a case of bilateral hypoglossal palsy with tongue ptosis following surgery of an ependymoma in the lower part of the fourth ventricle. Immediate postoperative imaging showed ischemic lesions in both hypoglossal nuclei, not compatible with any known arterial territory. Two etiologies could be identified: a venous medullary infarct of the medulla oblongata or direct injury of both hypoglossal nuclei due to their midline position. Finally, the patient improved progressively and returned to normal.ConclusionsIntraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring of hypoglossal nerves, in addition to facial nerves, should be performed for tumors in this location.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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