• Jingchuan Liu, Qingmin Li, Jianjun Ren, Xiankun Liang, Quanzhong Zhang, and Yun Han.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China.
• World Neurosurg. 2020 Sep 1; 141: e367-e373.

ObjectiveTo determine the association of sex with serum potassium, sodium, and calcium disorders in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, and meanwhile investigate other risk factors.MethodsA total of 516 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical characteristics were collected. Serum potassium, sodium, and calcium levels were measured. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors.ResultsHypokalemia is the most common electrolyte disorder (50.2%) after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, followed by hyponatremia (19.8%), hypocalcemia (13.8%), hypernatremia (12.0%), hyperkalemia (2.5%), and hypercalcemia (0.4%). Most of the electrolyte disorders occurred within 1 week after the onset of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. The incidence rate of hypokalemia was higher in women than in men (61.7% vs. 42.3%, χ2 = 18.676; P < 0.001), but the incidence rates of hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypernatremia were not statistically different between women and men (all P > 0.05). Sex was associated with hypokalemia with women having increased risk, whereas sex was not associated with hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, and hyponatremia. In addition, surgical treatment was a risk factor of hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypernatremia, both breaking into ventricle and age were risk factors of hyponatremia and hypocalcemia, and bleeding site was a risk factor of hypocalcemia and hypernatremia.ConclusionsIn the treatment of female patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, the clinician should pay attention to potassium chloride supplementation and monitor its intensity. Within 1 week after intracerebral hemorrhage, individuals most prone to electrolyte disorders determined according to the identified risk factors should be monitored as early as possible, and the disorders should be promptly corrected.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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