-
- C Charles Jain and Barry A Borlaug.
- The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- Chest. 2020 Nov 1; 158 (5): 2119-2129.
AbstractExertional dyspnea is a common complaint for patients seen in pulmonary, cardiac, and general medicine clinics, and elucidating the cause is often challenging, particularly when physical examination, echocardiography, radiography, and pulmonary function test results are inconclusive. Invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing has emerged as the gold standard test to define causes of dyspnea and exertional limitation in this population. In this review, we describe the methods for performing and interpreting invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing, with particular attention to the hemodynamic and blood sampling data as they apply to patients being evaluated for heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.Copyright © 2020 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Notes
Knowledge, pearl, summary or comment to share?You can also include formatting, links, images and footnotes in your notes
- Simple formatting can be added to notes, such as
*italics*
,_underline_
or**bold**
. - Superscript can be denoted by
<sup>text</sup>
and subscript<sub>text</sub>
. - Numbered or bulleted lists can be created using either numbered lines
1. 2. 3.
, hyphens-
or asterisks*
. - Links can be included with:
[my link to pubmed](http://pubmed.com)
- Images can be included with:
![alt text](https://bestmedicaljournal.com/study_graph.jpg "Image Title Text")
- For footnotes use
[^1](This is a footnote.)
inline. - Or use an inline reference
[^1]
to refer to a longer footnote elseweher in the document[^1]: This is a long footnote.
.