• Jamie F Chriqui, Wanting Lin, Julien Leider, Ce Shang, and PernaFrank MFMHealth Behaviors Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, USA. Electronic address: pernafm@mail.nih.gov..
• Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, M/C 275, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; Division of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Street, M/C 923, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: jchriqui@uic.edu.
• Prev Med. 2020 Oct 1; 139: 106093.

AbstractDespite national guidelines recommending daily fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, intake of FV among adolescents is low. Over the past 10-15 years, state and federal laws have reduced the availability of junk foods in schools. This study examined the association between state snack laws and high school (HS) student FV consumption. The overall sample included 99,785 HS students (outcome samples ranged from 96,209-97,328) included in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). National Cancer Institute Classification of Laws Associated with School Students' data for 2004-2016 were lagged on to 2005-2017 YRBS data. Separate analyses examined the state law-youth FV consumption relationship pre- and post-federal Smart Snacks standards (effective school year 2014-2015). Analyses were conducted between 2018 and 2020. Overall, state laws were associated with any vegetable, salad, and other vegetable consumption. The relationship between state laws and vegetable consumption primarily occurred pre-Smart Snacks. Pre-Smart Snacks, state laws were associated with higher odds of youth consumption of any vegetable, salad, carrots, and other vegetables (all compared to students in states without snack laws). The only association post-Smart Snacks was between strong state laws and salads. This study illustrates the important role that standards restricting the availability of junk foods in schools can have on increasing student vegetable consumption. Given current efforts to roll-back federal school meal standards, findings from this study illustrate how federal standards harmonized the patchwork of state laws that existed prior to Smart Snacks and the important role that consistent national standards can play in supporting student consumption of vegetables.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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