• Lirong Lin, Lei Zhao, Bengang Huo, Luquan Zheng, Rongjie Yu, Weibing Li, and Jurong Yang.
• Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 May 1; 99 (18): e20111.

RationaleWe report a rare case with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), thymoma, and membranous glomerulonephritis. The pathogenic mechanisms of these 3 diseases may be associated with each other. Here, we discuss the course of diagnosis and treatment.Patient ConcernsA 64-year-old woman with bilateral pain of the sacroiliac joints for 10 years and anasarca for 10 days.DiagnosesA diagnosis of AS by HLA-B27 and pelvic X-ray tests, thymoma based on computed tomography and pathological diagnosis, and membranous glomerulonephritis based on renal biopsy.InterventionsWe administered methylprednisolone 500 mg/d for 3 consecutive days, followed by methylprednisolone 40 mg oral QD, for a month.OutcomesThe patient was followed up once a month. In the sixth month, the patient's serum creatinine had decreased to 0.96 mg/dL, urine microalbumin/creatinine decreased to 173.3 mg/g, and albumin had risen to 33.1 g/L. Pain and morning stiffness were relieved, and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score dropped to 4.0.LessonsAlthough the causal relationship between AS, thymoma, and membranous nephropathy in this patient still needs to be established, the pathogenesis between the 3 diseases may have some association. In clinical practice, patients with AS need to be screened for tumors and renal complications.

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