• Elizabeth C Schroeder, Lindsay DuBois, Molly Sadowsky, and Thessa I M Hilgenkamp.
• Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
• Am J Prev Med. 2020 May 1; 58 (5): 630-637.

IntroductionIndividuals with intellectual disability have a high prevalence of obesity and low physical activity levels, which are risk factors for hypertension. This study estimated the prevalence of hypertension in a global data set of adults with intellectual disability participating in Special Olympics and investigated the role of physical activity and obesity in hypertension risk.MethodsA total of 33,122 individuals aged ≥18 years with intellectual disability who participated in Special Olympic events from 2014 to 2018 had their brachial blood pressure, BMI, and self-reported physical activity assessed. Hypertension was classified using 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines (systolic blood pressure≥130 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure≥80 mmHg). Data were analyzed in 2019.ResultsParticipants were aged 31 (SD=11) years, 64% male, and had a resting blood pressure of 121 (SD=16)/76 (SD=12) mmHg. The population was 48% (95% CI=47.5%, 48.6%) hypertensive. Male participants had a higher prevalence of hypertension (50.7%, 95% CI=50.1%, 51.4%) than female participants (43.1%, 95% CI=42.2%, 44.0%), with prevalence increasing with age. Odds of hypertension increased when performing no or insufficient physical activity and with increasing obesity (p<0.01), tripling (OR=3.06, 3.66) for all individuals who performed no physical activity except for those of normal weight (OR=1.72), and doubling (OR=2.13-3.87) for individuals who were obese or morbidly obese across all physical activity levels.ConclusionsThis study is the first to determine population-based prevalence rates of hypertension in individuals with intellectual disability. It highlights the similarity in prevalence to the general population. The results emphasize the importance of population-wide screening, increasing physical activity, and reducing obesity in decreasing cardiovascular risk in this population.Copyright © 2020 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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