African health sciences
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African health sciences · Dec 2019
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyEffect of target controlled propofol infusion versus intermittent boluses during oesophagogastroduodenoscopy: a randomized controlled trial.
Propofol is administered as intermittent boluses to achieve deep sedation to facilitate oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. Target controlled infusion (TCI) can be employed for this purpose. ⋯ TCI of propofol was associated with fewer episodes of hypoxia compared to intermittent bolus administration. Similar hemodynamic profiles and comparable time to recovery were demonstrated by these two sedation techniques.
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African health sciences · Dec 2019
Renal risk profiling in newly diagnosed hypertensives in an urban population in Nigeria.
Hypertension is a cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease globally. The other factors that work in concert with hypertension to cause CKD are yet to be clearly elucidated. Studies have identified proteinuria, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking and family history of CKD as renal risk factors. Due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with occurrence of CKD including the enormous financial burden involved in its management, the knowledge of prevention and understanding of the risk factors for development of CKD is highly essential. Therefore, Identifying well defined risk factors that display strong graded association with the occurrence and progression of CKD can help in elucidating potential targets for disease modification. ⋯ There is a significant occurrence of modifiable renal risk factors in newly diagnosed hypertensives and this offers a platform for instituting preventive strategies in the community.
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African health sciences · Dec 2019
Trends and gender differences in age at sex debut among adolescents and young adults in urban Cape Area, South Africa.
Adolescents and young adults in South Africa are at increased risk of experiencing negative outcomes from early sex initiation due to the context they develop in. This study aimed at investigating trends and gender differences in early age at sexual debut. ⋯ Integrated interventions for delaying early sex debut should consider factors within the ecology of the young adults' development context.
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African health sciences · Dec 2019
A retrospective clinico-pathologic analysis of cemento-osseous dysplasia in a South African patient population.
Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) is a fibro-osseous jaw bone lesion. The affected bone in COD progressively becomes sclerotic, poorly vascularized and susceptible to secondary osteomyelitis. ⋯ A higher frequency of jaw osteomyelitis secondary to COD was found compared to previous studies. No significant association was shown between any of the COD types and secondary osteomyelitis.
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African health sciences · Dec 2019
An overview of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia for the African generalist practitioner.
Pneumocystis jirovecii is the causative organism of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans, which is more common among immunocompromised patients. Classically patients present with fever, non-productive cough, and dyspnoea. In the HIV-infected individuals the symptoms may be subtle at first, but gradually progress over several weeks. In the HIV-uninfected patient, however, the duration of symptoms is shorter and more severe, mainly due to the increased inflammatory response of the HIV-uninfected patient. ⋯ This overview is presented by clinicians who have experience with PCP and is directed mainly at first-line healthcare providers.