African health sciences
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African health sciences · Sep 2021
Adherence to oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda.
In Kampala Uganda, female sex workers (FSWs) have high HIV prevalence (33%). Oral PrEP is a novel HIV prevention intervention that offers hope to decrease HIV incidence in key populations especially among FSWs. Studies have shown that with poor adherence, oral PrEP has no efficacy, and therefore adherence to PrEP is critical among FSWs to maximize HIV prevention. However, implementation data on adherence to PrEP among FSWs is limited so this study sought to assess adherence to PrEP. Specifically, we sought to 1) determine the level of adherence to PrEP among FSWs, and 2) determine factors associated with PrEP adherence. ⋯ Barriers to PrEP adherence need to be addressed for successful PrEP implementation to improve adherence going forward. Service care providers should reinforce positive behaviors such as use of condoms devotedly during PrEP breaks.
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African health sciences · Sep 2021
Prevalence of sickle cell trait and its association to renal dysfunction among blood donors at University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo, Nigeria.
Prospective blood donors are routinely screened for blood borne infections but medical illnesses and haemoglobin genotype are overlooked despite a high prevalence of haemoglobin AS among Nigerian donors. ⋯ The prevalence of sickle cell trait among Nigerian blood donors is high. There is no significant difference in the renal function status of blood donors with SCT and normal haemoglobin genotype.
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African health sciences · Sep 2021
Comparative incidence of adverse drug reaction during the first and subsequent year of antiretroviral therapy in a Nigerian HIV infected Cohort.
Despite close to two decades of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria, data on late on-onset ART-associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are sparse. ⋯ The first year of ART is the period of highest risk of ADRs. Individual and programmatic treatment success in resource-limited settings requires strategies for early identification and management of ADR during the period of greatest risk of ADRs.
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African health sciences · Sep 2021
Pitfalls and technical errors in the first approach to neonates with anorectal malformations in a non-specialist context: can we do any better? A review from three Eastern African Centres.
In sub-Saharan Africa, Anorectal malformations (ARM) are the most frequent cause of neonatal obstruction. Referral to a Pediatric Surgeon is frequently delayed. The first treatment is often delivered at not specialist level and mismanagement may result. ⋯ Investments on training practitioners, acting at District/Rural level, and closer links with tertiary centres are recommended to avoid ARM mismanagement and delayed referral to a Specialist.
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African health sciences · Sep 2021
Presentation, etiology and treatment outcome of neovascular glaucoma in Ekiti state, South Western Nigeria.
Neovascular glaucoma (NVG), a form of secondary glaucoma has varying causes across geographical locations. ⋯ NVG though not as common as other forms of glaucoma accounted for a large proportion of monocular blindness in the affected eyes at presentation. There is need for health promotion and education among our people on the need for early preventive eye check practices.