African health sciences
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African health sciences · Dec 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialA comparison of risk of hypotension using standard doses of remifentanil versus dexmedetomidine infusions in adult patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi.
Remifentanil and dexmedetomidine are common agents used in general anaesthesia, monitored anaesthesia care and critical care. When combined with inhaled or intravenous anaesthetic agents intra-operatively, they provide analgesia, lower general anaesthetic requirements and provide sedation and analgesia in the peri-operative period if indicated. Pharmacodynamically, they cause hypotension and bradycardia which are reversible if well managed. Past studies of these drugs have shown a significant proportion of patients with hypotension when compared with similar agents or in isolation. This study compares these two drugs on the effect of hypotension when used as adjuncts to general anaesthesia at low dose standard rate of infusions. ⋯ Among this population, at standard infusion rates, the proportion of patients that risk hypotension was greater in those undergoing elective surgery receiving remifentanil at 0.2mcg/kg/min than in dexmedetomidine at 0.4mcg/kg/hr under isoflurane based anaesthesia.
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African health sciences · Dec 2018
Multicenter StudyEvaluation of antibiotic prescriptions and use in under-five children in Ibadan, SouthWestern Nigeria.
Irrational antibiotic prescriptions for children is a global concern requiring periodic evaluation and monitoring. ⋯ Antibiotic prescriptions for under-fives was largely based on symptoms indicative of bacterial infections, thereby corroborating the widespread empirical antibiotic prescribing. Considerable number of mothers engaged in self-recommendation of antibiotics for their under-fives. Thus, there is a need for continuous enlightenment of prescribers and mothers on rational use of antibiotics, while microbiological confirmation of clinical diagnosis is encouraged for evidence-based antibiotic prescribing.
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African health sciences · Dec 2018
Interferon-γ receptor-1 gene promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility for brucellosis in Makkah region.
Genetic polymorphisms that affect the production levels of certain cytokines and/or their receptors may determine the risk, severity or protection in some infectious diseases like brucellosis. ⋯ Both tested polymorphisms, IFN-γ R1 - 56 C>T and IFN-γ R1 -611 A>G polymorphism had no role in genetic susceptibility to human brucellosis in the study population. The PCR-CTPP can be used for genotyping IFN-γ R1 - 611 A > G polymorphism and other types of mutation.
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African health sciences · Dec 2018
Dose related effects of oral clonidine pre-medication on bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia.
The duration of action of sub-arachnoid block is short, and one of the ways to overcome this is the use of oral clonidine. ⋯ Oral clonidine produces better clinical effects on the onset and duration of Bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia.
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African health sciences · Dec 2018
Audit of insulin prescription patterns and associated burden among diabetics in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria.
Insulin is one of the most important anti-diabetic agents in the management of diabetes even among type 2 diabetic. ⋯ The insulin adherence among diabetics in this study was high. Non-availability of insulin, insulin injection pain and being tired of continual insulin usage were some of the reasons for non-adherent to insulin usage.