African health sciences
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Dry mouth is usually caused by a reduced salivary flow or by changes in the biochemical composition of saliva. ⋯ It can be concluded that there is no clear evidence for the causes and treatment of dry mouth, therefore the majority of the general dental practitioners refer most of the cases to appropriate specialist. Treatment must be individualized, salivary substitutes and mechanical stimulation techniques can be applied.
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African health sciences · Sep 2014
ReviewEffectiveness and cost effectiveness of screening immigrants schemes for tuberculosis (TB) on arrival from high TB endemic countries to low TB prevalent countries.
Immigrants to developed countries are a major source of TB. Therefore amongst strategies adopted for TB control in developed countries include; 1) Screening immigrants at ports of entry referred to as "Port of Arrival Screening" (PoA) and 2) Passive screening (PS) for TB which means screening immigrants through general practices, hospitals, chest-clinics and emergency departments. Evidence of the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of these strategies is not consistent. ⋯ Active PoA screening is worth doing with significant benefits including early identification of risk groups with possible timely treatment/chemoprophylaxis intervention, prevention of transmission by significantly reducing infectiousness with subsequent avoidance of hospitalisation in active PoA screening group.
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African health sciences · Sep 2014
ReviewBasis of selection of first and second line highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS on genetic barrier to resistance: a literature review.
The effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) continues to improve as treatment choices expand with the development of new antiretroviral agents and regimens. However, the successful long-term treatment of HIV/AIDS is under threat from the emergence of drug-resistant strains to multiple agents and entire drug classes.
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African health sciences · Sep 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialImpact of medication and psychological behaviour assessment by community pharmacists in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after hospital stay.
Drug related problem (DRPs) is a key factor which will affect the outcome of therapy and safety. ⋯ The intervention of pharmacists showed little influence on any of the intermediate health outcomes in T2DM.
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African health sciences · Sep 2014
Development, initial content validation and reliability of Nigerian composite lifestyle CVD risk factors questionnaire for adolescents.
Cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) factors affect every age category including adolescents in developing nations. Prevention strategies are effective only when there are epidemiological data for the targeted populations. The collection of such data is only made easy with composite lifestyle CVD risk factors measures that are culturally sensitive and acceptable among the target populations. ⋯ The CVD risk factors questionnaire has acceptable content validity and reliability and should be used to assess CVD risk factors among adolescents in Nigeria.