African health sciences
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African health sciences · Sep 2014
Prevalence and outcomes of acute kidney injury in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia.
The kidney is the most damaged organ in asphyxiated full-term infants. The severity of its damage is correlated with the severity of neurological damage. We determined the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). ⋯ AKI is common and associated with poorer outcomes in perinatal asphyxia. Larger studies need to be done to correlate maternal factors and perinatal asphyxia-associated AKI.
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Dry mouth is usually caused by a reduced salivary flow or by changes in the biochemical composition of saliva. ⋯ It can be concluded that there is no clear evidence for the causes and treatment of dry mouth, therefore the majority of the general dental practitioners refer most of the cases to appropriate specialist. Treatment must be individualized, salivary substitutes and mechanical stimulation techniques can be applied.
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African health sciences · Sep 2014
Review Case ReportsCoats' disease in Tanzania: first case report and literature review.
Coats' disease is an exudative retinal detachment with vascular telangiectasis occurring mostly in male children, the age group most affected by retinoblastoma. ⋯ Coats' disease is an important differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Delay to detect Coats' disease leads to vision loss which necessitates eye enucleation as was in this child.
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African health sciences · Sep 2014
ReviewEffectiveness and cost effectiveness of screening immigrants schemes for tuberculosis (TB) on arrival from high TB endemic countries to low TB prevalent countries.
Immigrants to developed countries are a major source of TB. Therefore amongst strategies adopted for TB control in developed countries include; 1) Screening immigrants at ports of entry referred to as "Port of Arrival Screening" (PoA) and 2) Passive screening (PS) for TB which means screening immigrants through general practices, hospitals, chest-clinics and emergency departments. Evidence of the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of these strategies is not consistent. ⋯ Active PoA screening is worth doing with significant benefits including early identification of risk groups with possible timely treatment/chemoprophylaxis intervention, prevention of transmission by significantly reducing infectiousness with subsequent avoidance of hospitalisation in active PoA screening group.
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African health sciences · Sep 2014
ReviewBasis of selection of first and second line highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS on genetic barrier to resistance: a literature review.
The effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) continues to improve as treatment choices expand with the development of new antiretroviral agents and regimens. However, the successful long-term treatment of HIV/AIDS is under threat from the emergence of drug-resistant strains to multiple agents and entire drug classes.