Medicina clinica
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In recent years, immunotherapy has become an important pillar of cancer treatment, with high response rates regardless of tumour histology or baseline mutations. However, immune activation associated with check-point inhibitors is not selective and a large variety of immune-related adverse events have been associated with anti-PD1, anti-PD-1/L-1 and anti-CTLA-4 agents. Though diagnosis and treatment of these toxicities have been established according to the recommendations from clinical trials and in line with the autoimmune disorders that they mimic, increasing real-world data is coming up showing that these adverse events may have differential characteristics and management, especially in terms of the use of corticoids, second-line treatments, salvage therapy for life-threatening cases and reintroduction of immunotherapy. Herein we present a comprehensive review of current recommendations and real-world data on the main immune-related adverse events of immunotherapy.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune multisystemic disease of great clinical heterogeneity and significant potential morbidity and mortality. Although the outlook for patients with SLE has greatly improved, many unmet needs remain. In this review we aim to summarize the most relevant data on SLE that have emerged in recent years. In particular we discuss the new classification criteria from the European League Against Rheumatism and American College of Rheumatology, new biomarkers, novel definitions of remission and low lupus disease activity and what has emerged on new drugs and new therapeutic strategies.