Journal of global antimicrobial resistance
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J Glob Antimicrob Resist · Sep 2017
ReviewSepsis and septic shock: New definitions, new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Sepsis and septic shock are common life-threatening pathologies associated with high mortality and substantial costs for healthcare system. Clinical guidelines and bundles for the management of patients with sepsis have recently been updated. Herein, we review the history of sepsis and related conditions definitions from the first consensus conference in 1991 to nowadays, the epidemiologic data resulting from worldwide studies on incidence and mortality, the diagnostic approaches including the microbiological assessment of infection and the use of several prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and finally we review the main therapeutic measures as the intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and the administration of appropriate antibiotic treatment to provide patients with sepsis a favourable outcome in the antibiotic-resistance era.
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J Glob Antimicrob Resist · Sep 2017
Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing by subinhibitory concentrations of curcumin with gentamicin and azithromycin.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing (QS) circuits regulate virulence factors and co-ordinate bacterial pathogenicity. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of subinhibitory concentrations of curcumin with azithromycin and gentamicin against P. aeruginosa QS-related genes and virulence factors. ⋯ These results indicate that a combination of sub-MIC of curcumin with azithromycin and gentamicin exhibited synergism against P. aeruginosa QS systems.
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J Glob Antimicrob Resist · Mar 2017
Elevated prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with extensive genetic diversity in the largest burn centre of northeast Iran.
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates is now frequently associated with nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic relatedness and patterns of antimicrobial resistance amongst A. baumannii isolated from a burn centre at a teaching hospital in Iran. ⋯ The elevated prevalence of MDR A. baumannii strains in this burn centre suggests that local antibiotic prescription policies should be precisely revised. Moreover, strict infection control procedures to prevent further dissemination need to be prioritised immediately.
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J Glob Antimicrob Resist · Mar 2017
High frequency of SCCmec type V and agr type I among heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) in north India.
The objective of this study was to compare the genetic features of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) and vancomycin-sensitive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (VS-MRSA) isolates. ⋯ The study shows that healthcare-associated MRSA strains may harbour community-acquired MRSA genetic markers. The changing molecular epidemiology and role of agr I in reduced vancomycin susceptibility in hVISA requires further investigation.
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J Glob Antimicrob Resist · Sep 2015
Antimicrobial resistance and resistance mechanisms of Enterobacteriaceae in ICU and non-ICU wards in Europe and North America: SMART 2011-2013.
Intensive care units (ICUs) are often described as hotbeds of antimicrobial resistance, with high rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae. Data from the SMART study were used to examine differences between the susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae from ICU and non-ICU wards in Europe and North America. In total, 21,470 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections were collected at 90 sites in 20 European and North American countries in 2011-2013. ⋯ ESBL and MDR rates varied considerably within Europe. Antimicrobial resistance was higher in Europe than North America, especially in ICUs. Further surveillance at the country, hospital and even patient ward level, and investigation of reasons for these findings, would be useful for the development of effective strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance in ICUs.