Journal of global antimicrobial resistance
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J Glob Antimicrob Resist · Jun 2020
Review2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak: A new challenge.
Following the public-health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 30 January 2020 and the recent outbreak caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [officially renamed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] in China and 29 other countries, we aimed to summarise the clinical aspects of the novelBetacoronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its possible clinical presentations together with suggested therapeutic algorithms for patients who may require antimicrobial treatment. ⋯ The new 2019-nCoV epidemic is mainly associated with respiratory disease and few extrapulmonary signs. However, there is a low rate of associated pre-existing respiratory co-morbidities.
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J Glob Antimicrob Resist · Dec 2019
Meta AnalysisColonisation with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in pregnant/post-partum women: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Maternal colonisation with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing micro-organisms can lead to transmission of such pathogens to neonates, resulting in considerable morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the global prevalence of maternal colonisation with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E). ⋯ There was heterogeneity regarding ESBL-E colonisation rates in different continents. The pooled prevalence rate was higher in Africa compared with other areas. Given that the highest rate was observed in Africa, implementing screening efforts for ESBL-E colonisation during pregnancy may be justified.
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J Glob Antimicrob Resist · Sep 2017
ReviewSepsis and septic shock: New definitions, new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Sepsis and septic shock are common life-threatening pathologies associated with high mortality and substantial costs for healthcare system. Clinical guidelines and bundles for the management of patients with sepsis have recently been updated. Herein, we review the history of sepsis and related conditions definitions from the first consensus conference in 1991 to nowadays, the epidemiologic data resulting from worldwide studies on incidence and mortality, the diagnostic approaches including the microbiological assessment of infection and the use of several prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and finally we review the main therapeutic measures as the intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and the administration of appropriate antibiotic treatment to provide patients with sepsis a favourable outcome in the antibiotic-resistance era.
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J Glob Antimicrob Resist · Dec 2014
ReviewOptimal duration of antimicrobial therapy in ventilator-associated pneumonia: What is the role for procalcitonin?
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the major cause of hospital-acquired infections in critically ill patients. Up to 90% of intensive care unit episodes of HAP occur in mechanically ventilated patients, who may develop what is termed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). ⋯ In these trials, short-course regimens were as effective and safe as long-course regimens for the treatment of VAP, provided that infection was not due to difficult-to-treat micro-organisms such as non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. In addition, strategies incorporating individualised stop-points for antibiotics, i.e. clinical features or biomarkers such as procalcitonin, were shown to reduce antibiotic exposure, healthcare costs and the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance, without negatively affecting other outcomes.