Chinese medical journal
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Chinese medical journal · Dec 2024
Disease burden of biliary tract cancer in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: A comprehensive demographic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Biliary tract carcinomas (BTCs) are relatively rare but lethal primary malignant tumors derived from the biliary tract system. The burden of BTCs varies according to sex, age, region, and country, but limited attention has been paid to the burden of BTCs. ⋯ This study provided a comprehensive comparison of differences in the burden of disease across populations and over time, and further presented evidence concerning the formulation of prevention and control policies and etiologic studies for BTCs and proposed logical hypotheses to investigate.
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The remarkable efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in hematological malignancies has provided a solid basis for the therapeutic concept, wherein specific pathogenic cell populations can be eradicated by means of targeted recognition. During the past few years, CAR-based cell therapies have been extensively investigated in preclinical and clinical research across various non-tumor diseases, with particular emphasis in the treatment of autoimmune diseases (ADs), yielding significant advancements. ⋯ Despite the initial success achieved by CAR T cell therapy, it is critical to acknowledge the divergences in its application between cancer and AD. Through examining recent clinical studies and ongoing research, we highlight the transformative potential of this therapeutic approach in the treatment of SLE, while also addressing the challenges and future directions necessary to enhance the long-term efficacy and safety of CAR-based cell therapies in clinical practice.
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Chinese medical journal · Dec 2024
Recent global patterns in skin cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence.
Skin cancer is a common skin disease whose incidence and mortality rates have been showing yearly increases. In this report, we update the most recent data on skin cancer as obtained from GLOBOCAN 2022. ⋯ Skin cancer remains a major disease burden worldwide. Substantial variations are observed across countries and regions with incidence rates being greater in Caucasians, the elderly, and in groups with prolonged exposures to ultraviolet rays. Further research on skin cancer will be required to provide a rationale for more effective preventions and treatments of this condition.
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The rise in global life expectancy has led to an increase in the older population, presenting significant challenges in managing infectious diseases. Aging affects the innate and adaptive immune systems, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) and immune function decline (immunosenescence). These changes would impair defense mechanisms, increase susceptibility to infections and reduce vaccine efficacy in older adults. ⋯ Moreover, comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which are common in older adults, amplify immune dysfunction, while immunosuppressive medications further complicate responses to infections. This review explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving inflammaging and immunosenescence, focusing on genomic instability, telomere attrition, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, we discussed how aging-associated immune alterations influence responses to bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections and evaluated emerging antiaging strategies, aimed at mitigating these effects to improve health outcomes in the aging population.