Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology
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Arab J Gastroenterol · Mar 2020
ReviewHepatic and gastrointestinal involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): What do we know till now?
Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has posed a serious threat to global health and is currently causing a major pandemic. While patients typically present with fever and a respiratory illness, mounting evidence indicates that patients might also report extra-pulmonary manifestations, including those affecting the liver and gastrointestinal tract. ⋯ In this review, the characteristics and possible explanations of hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are summarized, adding to our knowledge of the spectrum of COVID-19. In addition, preventive measures implemented in endoscopy departments to prevent further dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 infection are proposed.
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Arab J Gastroenterol · Jun 2018
ReviewTreatment of PPI-resistant gastro-oesophageal reflux: A systematic review.
Several studies have demonstrated the superiority of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) in resolving erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). However, this first line of treatment can fail to control symptoms in around 30% of cases, especially in the presence of non-erosive GORD. In situations where the first line of treatment fails, there is a lack of concordance regarding the best strategy to apply. This study presents a systematic review of the trials which have tested second-line treatments after PPI failure. ⋯ A personalised choice of the best treatment for PPI-resistant GORD should be based on the results of an upper endoscopy and pH/MII monitoring. For patients in situations where the first line of treatment fails, we encourage the execution of trials for testing double doses of PPIs against alternative medicaments.
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Arab J Gastroenterol · Jun 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyTherapeutic success with bismuth-containing sequential and quadruple regimens in Helicobacter pylori eradication.
The success rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication with the classical triple therapy is gradually declining. In this study, we aimed to compare and assess the efficacies of six different eradication regimens including sequential protocols. ⋯ In this study, OTMB and OA+OCMB were significantly superior to the triple therapy and succeeded to reach the eradication rate proposed by the Maastricht consensus (over 80%). These two bismuth-containing regimens could be considered for first-line therapy in the regions with high clarithromycin resistance.
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Khat is consumed for recreational purposes in many countries, including Yemen, where >50% of adults chew khat leaves regularly. A wide spectrum of khat-induced liver injuries has been reported in the literature. ⋯ Both patients clinically presented with acute hepatitis, one of whom showed radiological evidence of hepatic outflow obstruction. Based on the histological tests, both patients had acute hepatitis, which indicated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) on a background of chronic hepatitis and portal fibrosis; of the two, one presented with symptoms of immune-mediated liver injury.