Biomarkers in medicine
-
Biomarkers in medicine · Jan 2017
Admission neutrophil count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predict 90-day outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage.
Inflammation plays a role in secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to determine the prognostic significance of admission white blood cell (AWC), neutrophil count (ANC), lymphocyte count, monocyte count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for 90-day outcome after ICH. ⋯ Elevated levels of AWC, ANC and NLR were independently related to poor 90-day outcome after ICH. NLR may be a novel inflammatory biomarker following ICH.
-
The field of immuno-oncology has witnessed unprecedented success in recent years, with several PD=1 and PD-L1 inhibitors obtaining US FDA registration and breakthrough drug therapy designation in multiple tumor types. Despite its clear efficacy in certain cancers, treatment with these agents carries a risk of immune-related toxicities and substantial financial burden. ⋯ We first examine the role of PD-L1 expression, the most extensively studied predictive biomarker of response, and further discuss emerging putative predictive biomarkers. We also detail challenges faced in the development of response assessments for immunotherapeutics and propose other biomarkers that may be useful as surrogate intermediate end points of response.
-
Biomarkers in medicine · Aug 2016
ReviewPlatelet function testing as a biomarker for efficacy of antiplatelet drugs.
Despite the overwhelming evidence in support of the efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, it is also obvious that not all patients benefit from these drugs to the same extent. This interindividual variability in platelet responses may underlie clinical differences in drug efficacy, with potential for optimization of antiplatelet therapy to prevent ischemic events without excessively increasing bleeding risk. This review presents the current evidence regarding platelet function testing for monitoring of antiplatelet therapy, with emphasis on the prognostic value of platelet function testing to predict ischemic and bleeding events. The potential of platelet function testing to provide personalized antiplatelet therapy is also discussed, with an outlook toward the future of platelet function testing in high-risk individuals.
-
Biomarkers in medicine · Jan 2016
Serum endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (endocan) levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
To investigate the level of endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (endocan) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). ⋯ Serum endocan is significantly higher in OSA. Further studies should be performed to better understand the relationship between endocan and OSA.
-
Biomarkers in medicine · Jan 2015
Clinical Trial Observational StudySerial inflammatory biomarkers of the severity, course and outcome of late onset acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with or at risk for the syndrome after new-onset fever.
Accurate biomarkers of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may help risk stratification and management. We assessed the relation between several biomarkers and the severity, course and outcome of late onset ARDS in 101 consecutive critically ill patients with new onset fever. ⋯ Whereas IL-6 and PCT had some disease monitoring value, ANG2 was the only biomarker capable of both predicting the severity, monitoring the course and predicting the outcome of late onset ARDS in febrile critically ill patients, irrespective of underlying risk factor, thereby yielding the most specific ARDS biomarker among those studied.