Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery
-
J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Apr 2014
Design, characterization, and aerosol dispersion performance modeling of advanced spray-dried microparticulate/nanoparticulate mannitol powders for targeted pulmonary delivery as dry powder inhalers.
The purpose was to design and characterize inhalable microparticulate/nanoparticulate dry powders of mannitol with essential particle properties for targeted dry powder delivery for cystic fibrosis mucolytic treatment by dilute organic solution spray drying, and, in addition, to tailor and correlate aerosol dispersion performance delivered as dry powder inhalers based on spray-drying conditions and solid-state physicochemical properties. ⋯ The in vitro aerosol deposition stage patterns could be tailored based on spray-drying pump rate. Positive linear correlation was observed between both FPF and RF values with spray-drying pump rates. The interplay between various spray-drying conditions, particle physicochemical properties, and aerosol dispersion performance was observed and examined, which enabled tailoring and modeling of high aerosol deposition patterns.
-
J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of dry powder versus nebulized beta-agonist in patients with COPD who have suboptimal peak inspiratory flow rate.
A peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) of <60 L/min against the internal resistance (resist) of a dry powder inhaler (DPI) may limit the ability of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to achieve bronchodilation. The hypothesis was that lung function would be higher with a beta-agonist inhaled via nebulization compared with dry powder in patients with COPD who exhibit a PIFRresist of <60 L/min against the Diskus(®). ⋯ At peak effect (2 hr), volume responses were greater with arfomoterol via nebulizer compared with dry powder salmeterol in patients with COPD who had a PIFRresist of <60 L/min. Bronchodilator therapy via nebulization should be considered in patients with COPD who have a suboptimal PIFRresist against a particular DPI.
-
J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Apr 2014
Influence of exhalation valve and nebulizer position on albuterol delivery during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.
Early studies have found better clinical efficiency when a nebulizer was used with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), compared with spontaneous breathing without NPPV. However, very limited research addressed factors that might affect aerosol delivery. This study aimed to investigate the influence of exhalation valves and nebulizer positions on aerosol delivery during NPPV. ⋯ The type of exhalation valve and the position of the nebulizer in the ventilator circuit have a significant influence on the efficiency of aerosol delivery during NPPV. As a result, with different exhalation valves, an appropriate nebulizer position should be carefully chosen, and the inhaled dose should be adjusted after accurate prediction of aerosol delivery to ensure optimal clinical efficacy.
-
J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Apr 2014
Comparative StudyOvercoming dose limitations using the orbital(®) multi-breath dry powder inhaler.
A new approach to delivering high doses of dry powder medicaments to the lung is presented. The Orbital(®) dry powder device is designed to deliver high doses of drugs to the respiratory tract in a single dosing unit, via multiple inhalation maneuvers, overcoming the need to prime or insert multiple capsules. ⋯ The Orbital provides a means of delivering high doses of medicine to the respiratory tract through multiple breath maneuvers after a single actuation. This approach will allow the delivery of a wide range of high-payload formulations (>100 mg) for the treatment of a variety of lung disorders. To date, no such passive device exists that meets these crucial criteria.
-
The variability of particle deposition in infant and child nasal airways is significant due to the airway geometry and breathing rate. Estimation of particle deposition in the nasal airway of this age group is necessary, especially for inhalation drug delivery application. Previous studies on nasal aerosol deposition were focused mostly on adult. A few empirical equations were also developed to calculate nasal deposition in different age groups of children. However, those studies have their limitations. The aim of this study is to find a simple way to calculate the nasal aerosol deposition in all age groups. ⋯ An empirical equation for all age groups is developed. From this equation, particle deposition efficiency in the nasal airway can best be estimated with input data of particle size and pressure drop of the airway.