Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Feb 2014
Comparative StudyAerosolized albuterol sulfate delivery under neonatal ventilatory conditions: in vitro evaluation of a novel ventilator circuit patient interface connector.
Aerosolized medications that have been used in infants receiving ventilatory support have not been shown to be effective clinically among the smallest patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the delivery of aerosolized albuterol sulfate in vitro under simulated neonatal ventilatory conditions using a novel ventilator circuit/patient interface connector. ⋯ The use of the VC connector increased the delivery of albuterol sulfate and resulted in a PSD profile at the patient interface that is more consistent with the PSD profile of the selected nebulizer when compared with SoC. This VC connector may be a useful, new approach for the delivery of aerosolized medications to neonates requiring positive pressure ventilatory support.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Oct 2013
Comparative StudyVibrating membrane devices deliver aerosols more efficient than standard devices: a study in a neonatal upper airway model.
Aerosol therapy in preterm infants is challenging, as a very small proportion of the drug deposits in the lungs. ⋯ In a model for infant aerosol inhalation, we confirmed low lung dose using jet nebulizers and pMDI-holding chambers, whereas newer, more specialized vibrating membrane devices, designed specifically for use in preterm infants, deliver up to 20 times more drug to the infant's lung.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Oct 2013
Comparative StudyHigh-efficiency generation and delivery of aerosols through nasal cannula during noninvasive ventilation.
Previous studies have demonstrated the delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols through nasal cannula and the feasibility of enhanced condensational growth (ECG) with a nasal interface. The objectives of this study were to develop a device for generating submicrometer aerosols with minimal depositional loss in the formation process and to improve aerosol delivery efficiencies through nasal cannulas. ⋯ Submicrometer aerosols can be formed using a conventional mesh nebulizer and delivered through a nasal cannula with total delivery efficiencies of 80-90%. Streamlining the nasal cannula significantly improved the delivery efficiency of both submicrometer and micrometer aerosols; however, use of submicrometer particles with ECG delivery resulted in overall lower depositional losses.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Oct 2013
Comparative StudyTargeting aerosol deposition to and within the lung airways using excipient enhanced growth.
Previous studies have characterized the size increase of combination submicrometer particles composed of a drug and hygroscopic excipient when exposed to typical airway thermodynamic conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the deposition and size increase characteristics of excipient enhanced growth (EEG) aerosols throughout the tracheobronchial (TB) airways and to evaluate the potential for targeted delivery. ⋯ Increasing the dose delivered to the lower TB region by a factor of 20-30×or achieving 90% delivery to the alveolar airways was considered effective aerosol targeting compared with conventional devices. The trend of higher flow rates resulting in better alveolar delivery of aerosols is unique to EEG and may be used to design highly efficient dry powder inhalers.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Aug 2013
In vitro delivery of aerosolized treprostinil via modern mechanical ventilation.
The Tyvaso Inhalation System is a hand-held nebulizer system used to administer treprostinil, an approved therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Our goal was to establish an in vitro method for delivering a standard dose of treprostinil through a ventilator circuit and artificial airway. ⋯ Using the algorithm, it was possible to deliver aerosolized treprostinil, at controlled doses, via mechanical ventilation over a wide range of controlled breathing patterns. The conditions of nebulization must be precisely followed (one full ampule per treatment, use of the AeroTech II nebulizer, continuous nebulization using an external flow of 10 L/min, bypass of the humidifier or removal of in-line heat and moisture exchanger, and treatment completed in 6 min or less).