Injury
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Urgent non-invasive pelvic ring stabilisation (pelvic binding, PB) in shocked patients is recommended by state and institutional guidelines regardless of the fracture pattern. The purpose of this study was to determine the adherence to the guidelines, efficacy of the technique and identification of potential adverse effects associated with PB. ⋯ The adherence to the guidelines should be improved with further education and system development. The good effect of the technique was evident on radiographs. Although in some lateral compression fracture patterns the deformity increased, no hazards were associated with the use of PB.
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To compare lung and liver injury and laboratory results in haemorrhagic shock and sepsis models treated with combinations of lactated Ringer's solution (LR), 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS), hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and pentoxifylline (PTX). ⋯ HTS-PTX was superior to HES, LR-PTX, and LR for treating shock and sepsis, and LR-PTX and HES gave better results than LR therapy alone.
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N-acetylcysteine (NAC) suppresses the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are implicated in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We thus hypothesised that NAC attenuates VILI. VILI was induced by mechanical ventilation with a tidal volume (Vt) of 15mlkg(-1) in isolated and perfused rat lung. ⋯ The administration of NAC increased GSH, attenuated ROS, cytokines, MPO, JNK, pAKT and caspase-3 and lung permeability associated with decreased activation of nuclear factor-κB. VILI is associated with inflammatory responses including the generation of ROS, cytokines and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. The administration of NAC attenuates the inflammatory responses, apoptosis and VILI in the isolated, perfused rat lung model.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on repair of a critical size defect of the mandible in male Sprague-Dawley rats. ⋯ In a model of bone healing of a mandible defect, dexamethasone-treated rats exhibited impaired osteogenic differentiation and maturation due to the inhibition of COX-2, osteogenic gene, RUNX2 and collagen protein expression, which resulted in delayed bone repair. Although perioperative short-term therapy did not exhibit long-term effects on wound healing of the maxillofacial bone, the application of glucocorticoids should be cautiously considered in the clinic.