Chest
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Leptin is a pleotropic hormone known to regulate a wide range of systemic functions, from satiety to inflammation. Increasing evidence has shown that leptin and its receptor (ObR) are not only expressed in adipose tissue but also in several organs, including the lungs. ⋯ The leptin-signaling pathway is also involved in immune modulation and cell proliferation, and its dysregulation can lead to the onset of lung diseases. This review article addresses the thousand faces of leptin and its signaling in the lungs under physiological conditions and in disease.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Deterioration of Nighttime Respiratory Mechanics in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Impact of Bronchodilator Therapy.
COPD is associated with nighttime respiratory symptoms, poor sleep quality, and increased risk of nocturnal death. Overnight deterioration of inspiratory capacity (IC) and FEV1 have been documented previously. However, the precise nature of this deterioration and mechanisms by which evening bronchodilation may mitigate this occurrence have not been studied. ⋯ Respiratory mechanics significantly deteriorated at night during placebo. Although the morning trough IC was unchanged, evening bronchodilator treatment was associated consistently with sustained overnight improvements in dynamic respiratory mechanics and inspiratory neural drive compared with placebo CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02429765.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A behaviour change intervention aimed at increasing physical activity improves clinical control in adults with asthma: a randomised controlled trial.
Higher levels of physical activity have been associated with better asthma clinical control. ⋯ ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03705702; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Review Case Reports
How I do it - Lung Ultrasound for Patients with COVID-19 Pulmonary Disease.
Given the general utility of lung ultrasound for the evaluation of respiratory failure in acutely ill patients, it is logical to consider its specific advantages in coronavirus disease 2019-related pulmonary disease. The authors, representing the extensive experience of the North American and European coronavirus disease 2019 epicenters, present an ultrasound scanning protocol and report on the common associated ultrasound findings.