Postgraduate medical journal
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Internal medicine training applications in the UK have become increasingly competitive. This article provides ten tips for optimizing internal medicine training applications covering portfolio development, teaching experience, project selection, and interview preparation. We outline strategies for maximizing application scores through efficient resource allocation, effective project selection, and structured interview preparation. These tips are designed to help candidates navigate the competitive selection process while developing skills valuable for their future medical careers.
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On the second day of my clinical observership in the Obgyn Department of the Vienna University Hospital, I saw a suspected case of caesarean scar pregnancy on follow-up, with one of my very senior professors, in the gynaecology outpatient clinic. ⋯ On reflection, this experience further reinforced the diagnostic dilemma that many clinical conditions can present, the need for a high index of suspicion in diagnosing and differentiating clinical conditions that present similar features, as well as the need for younger clinicians to leverage the better knowledge and experience of more senior colleagues to unknot knotty clinical dilemmas.
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The impact of serum uric acid (SUA) levels on metabolic disorders, particularly concerning the development or reversal of prediabetes, is not well understood. While high uric acid is recognized for its association with metabolic disturbances, its specific influence on prediabetes progression and regression has been insufficiently explored. This study investigates how SUA levels correlate with the natural course of prediabetes, shedding light on its management. ⋯ Elevated SUA levels are linked with a higher likelihood of progressing from prediabetes to diabetes but do not significantly forecast a regression to NFG.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical global health issue characterized by perturbance in cerebral function attributed to mechanical force. TBI often precipitates significant visual impairment that negatively impacts the patients' quality of life. This review examines the effects of TBI on visual function from a neuro-ophthalmological perspective, focusing on the assessment, diagnostics, and management of associated sequelae. ⋯ Establishing hospital-based multidisciplinary teams is essential for effectively addressing TBI-related visual impairment. Future research should prioritize evidence-based treatment protocols and explore diverse vision rehabilitation strategies through large-scale studies.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles derived from cells and serve as an endogenous mechanism for intercellular communication. Since the discovery of their capacity to effectively transfer biological information, their potential as drug delivery vehicles has garnered significant scientific interest. Particularly, EVs derived from mesenchymal cells (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a highly promising method for drug delivery. ⋯ This review explores the application of MSC-EVs in maxillofacial tissue regeneration, periodontitis, temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, Sjögren's Syndrome, oral cancer, and other oral diseases. Additionally, it outlines potential future directions for the development of MSC-EVs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MSC-EVs in oral disease treatment and to stimulate interest in their applications for targeted drug delivery.