Accident; analysis and prevention
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Multicenter Study
Self-efficacy of first aid for home accidents among parents with 0- to 4-year-old children at a metropolitan community health center in Taiwan.
Although accidental injury is the main factor involved in the death of young children in many countries, few studies have focused on parents' competence with regard to self-efficacy of first aid for their children following injuries occurring at home. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate parental self-sufficiency of first aid for home accidents in children aged 0-4 years. The study is a cross-sectional designed. ⋯ Knowledge of first aid is also a partly mediator between participants' attending first aid program, participants' first aid information obtained from health personnel and self-efficacy of first aid. Our findings suggest that medical services should provide first aid resources to help manage accidental injuries involving children, particularly information on how to deal with choking and CPR. With an appropriate program provided by health professionals, parents' self-efficacy of first aid for home accidents will be positively enhanced.
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Multicenter Study
Perceived colleagues' safety knowledge/behavior and safety performance: safety climate as a moderator in a multilevel study.
This study presented a model specifying the relationship of unit-level safety climate and perceived colleagues' safety knowledge/behavior (PCSK/B) to safety behavior (safety compliance and safety participation), as well as safety performance (injuries and near misses). PCSK/B, a measure of descriptive norms, was taken as a new individual-level predictor. ⋯ The effect of PCSK/B on injuries was mediated by safety behavior. Implications for management and safety climate research were discussed.
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Multicenter Study
Accident under-reporting among employees: testing the moderating influence of psychological safety climate and supervisor enforcement of safety practices.
We examined accident under-reporting with data from 425 employees employed in 5 industries with above average risk for employee injuries. We expected that rates for unreported accidents would be higher than rates for reported accidents; and that organizational safety climate and perceptions of supervisor enforcement of safety policies would moderate the relationship between unreported accidents and reported accidents. ⋯ Further, under-reporting was higher in working environments with poorer organizational safety climate or where supervisor safety enforcement was inconsistent. We discuss the implications of these findings for improving accident under-reporting and occupational safety in the workplace.
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Multicenter Study
The involvement of drugs in drivers of motor vehicles killed in Australian road traffic crashes.
A multi-center case-control study was conducted on 3398 fatally-injured drivers to assess the effect of alcohol and drug use on the likelihood of them being culpable. Crashes investigated were from three Australian states (Victoria, New South Wales and Western Australia). The control group of drug- and alcohol-free drivers comprised 50.1% of the study population. ⋯ Drivers positive to any psychoactive drug were significantly more likely to be culpable (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.4). Gender differences were not significant, but differences were apparent with age. Drivers showing the highest culpability rates were in the under 25 and over 65 age groups.
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Motor vehicle (MV)-related injury is a leading cause of death and emergency department visits in the US. Information has been limited regarding the magnitude and types of injuries suffered by the survivors of MV crashes. ⋯ Neck strain/sprain is the most common type of injury to MV occupants treated in US hospital emergency departments. Based on emergency department visits, these estimates suggest that the problem of neck injury may be larger than has been previously demonstrated using other surveillance tools. Further research is needed to determine contributory factors and prevention measures to reduce the risk of neck injury among MV occupants especially among those at higher risk such as females, older teenagers and young adults.