European journal of clinical pharmacology
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialLow-dose aspirin decreases blood alcohol concentrations by delaying gastric emptying.
To determine if treatment with low-dose aspirin (ASA) influences the bioavailability of orally administered alcohol and to assess whether this is caused by altered gastric emptying as measured by the paracetamol absorption test. ⋯ Intake of low-dose ASA (75 mg daily) tends to delay the absorption of a moderate dose of ethanol, which results in lower peak blood-ethanol concentrations and smaller areas under the concentration-time curves. The underlying mechanism seems to be delayed gastric emptying as indicated by the paracetamol absorption test.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1997
Clinical TrialA dose-response study of phenylephrine in critically ill, septic surgical patients.
To determine the response of haemodynamic and oxygen-transport parameters to phenylephrine in a dose-response fashion in septic non-hypotensive, vasodilated surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients. ⋯ Treatment with phenylephrine increased expected haemodynamic parameters in a linear fashion; however, clinical changes in VO2I occurred at variable doses. Dose-response trials are needed to determine the optimal dose of phenylephrine. Further study is needed to evaluate the clinical effects of phenylephrine in septic patients.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe negative mucosal potential: separating central and peripheral effects of NSAIDs in man.
We wanted to test whether assessment of both a central pain-related signal (chemo-somatosensory evoked potential, CSSEP) and a concomitantly recorded peripheral signal (negative mucosal potential, NMP) allows for separation of central and peripheral effects of NSAIDs. For this purpose, experimental conditions were created in which NSAIDs had previously been observed to produce effects on phasic and tonic pain by either central or peripheral mechanisms. ⋯ As described earlier, administration of ibuprofen was followed by a decrease in tonic pain but-relative to placebo-an increase in correlates of phasic pain, indicating a specific effect of ibuprofen on the interaction between the pain stimuli under these special experimental conditions. Based on the similar behaviour of CSSEP and NMP, it was concluded that the pharmacological process underlying this phenomenon was localised in the periphery. By means of the simultaneous recording of interrelated peripheral and central electrophysiologic correlates of nociception, it was possible to separate central and peripheral effects of an NSAID. The major advantage of this pain model is the possibility of obtaining peripheral pain-related activity directly using a non-invasive technique in humans.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialEvaluation of ibuprofen versus aspirin and paracetamol on efficacy and comfort in children with fever.
We compared efficacy and impact on the comfort of ibuprofen (7.5 mg/kg per dose), aspirin (10 mg/kg/dose) and paracetamol (10 mg/kg per dose) on children with fever aged 6-24 months in an open, randomised study with three parallel groups. ⋯ The efficacy of ibuprofen was better than that of aspirin or paracetamol. In spite of more adverse events, the comfort scores were significantly in favour of ibuprofen 6 h after the first dose of treatment.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1997
Effects and pharmacokinetics of high dose metoprolol on chest pain in patients with suspected or definite acute myocardial infarction.
Pain intensity and the plasma concentrations of metoprolol and its major metabolite alpha-hydroxymetoprolol as well as noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were determined in patients with pain due to definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after graded metoprolol infusion. Pain intensity and metoprolol kinetics were assessed over 8 h. ⋯ High-dose intravenous metoprolol was well tolerated in patients with suspected AMI. There was a more rapid and almost complete pain relief in patients without signs of transmural ischaemia compared with the patients with ECG signs of transmural AMI at arrival. In the later group of patients, plasma clearance of metoprolol was significantly reduced.