Anesthesiology
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Alveolar epithelial type II (AT II ) cells participate in the intraalveolar cytokine network by secreting cytokines and are widely exposed to volatile anesthetics during general anesthesia. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on rat AT II cell cytokine secretions in AT II primary cell cultures. ⋯ The current study shows that exposure of rmIL-1beta-stimulated AT II cells to volatile anesthetics reversibly alters their cytokine secretion. Therefore, volatile anesthesia, by modulating pulmonary epithelial cell secretion of inflammatory cytokines, might affect the lung inflammatory response.
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Neuraxial opioids produce analgesia in part by decreasing excitatory neurotransmitter release from primary nociceptive neurons, an effect that may be due to inhibition of presynaptic voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. The purpose of this study was to determine whether opioids decrease Ca2+ currents (I Ca ) in primary nociceptive neurons, identified by their response to the algogenic agent capsaicin. ⋯ The results show that opioid-sensitive Ca2+ channels are expressed by very few capsaicin-unresponsive neurons but by more than half of capsaicin-responsive neurons. The identity of the remaining capsaicin-responsive (and therefore presumed nociceptive) neurons that express opioid-insensitive Ca2+ channels is unknown but may represent a potential target of future non-opioid-based therapies for acute pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Multicenter randomized comparison of the efficacy and safety of xenon and isoflurane in patients undergoing elective surgery.
All general anesthetics used are known to have a negative inotropic side effect. Since xenon does not have a negative inotropic effect, it could be an interesting future general anesthetic. The aim of this clinical multicenter trial was to test the hypothesis of whether recovery after xenon anesthesia is faster compared with an accepted, standardized anesthetic regimen and that it is as effective and safe. ⋯ This first randomized controlled multicenter trial on the use of xenon as an inhalational anesthetic confirms, in a large group of patients, that xenon in oxygen provides effective and safe anesthesia, with the advantage of a more rapid recovery when compared with anesthesia using isoflurane-nitrous oxide.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Parental presence during induction of anesthesia: physiological effects on parents.
The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether parental presence during induction of anesthesia (PPIA) is associated with parental physiologic and behavioral manifestations of stress. ⋯ The authors found that PPIA is associated with increased parental HR and SCL. However, no increased incidence of electrocardiogram abnormalities were found in parents present during induction of anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Preoperative cardiac events in elderly patients with hip fracture randomized to epidural or conventional analgesia.
Perioperative myocardial ischemia occurs in 35% of unselected elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Perioperative epidural analgesia may reduce the incidence of adverse cardiac events. ⋯ The authors' data indicate that compared with conventional analgesia, early administration of continuous epidural analgesia is associated with a lower incidence of preoperative adverse cardiac events in elderly patients with hip fracture who have or are at risk for coronary artery disease. Preoperative epidural analgesia may be advantageous for this surgical population.